Glycol Dehydration Principles

The key point of glycol dehydration principles as following dehydration process and glycol process, absorption process, distillation, heat transfer pr

Glycol Dehydration Principles Virda

The key point of Glycol Dehydration as following:


Absorption Glycol Dehidration Principles Virda1. Water in Natural GasAll unprocessed natural gas contains water, either in liquid or vapor form. The presence of water in natural gas causes two major problems in transmission lines: corrosion and hydrate formation corrosion causes pitting and damage in pipelines hydrates deposit on pipeline interiors and restrict the flow of gas.

2. Dehydration

The process of removing water from a substance is called dehydration. Although there are several methods for removing water from gas, the most commonly used dehydration method utilizes a substance known as Triethylene Glycol (T.E.G.) or simply glycol.

3. Glycol 

Triethylene Glycol, T.E.G., and glycol all refer to the same substance. T.E.G. is expensive so it is efficient to remove the water,  recycling the T.E.G. to be used over and over again.

4. Absorption

Heat Transfer Glycol Dehidration Principles Virda Much like a sponge, glycol is used to absorb water from natural gas. By mixing together the wet gas and glycol, water is absorbed by the glycol, thereby removing it from the natural gas.

5. Distillation

In distillation, water is separated and removed from glycol by boiling T. Glycol does not begin to boil until approximately 435° F. Water boils at 212° F. Distillation of water from glycol involves heating the glycol water mixture to a temperature between 212° F. and 400° F., allowing water to separate as vapor.

6. Heat Transfer

Conduction is the process by which heat travels through a substance. If two containers of water one containing cold water, the other hot water are brought into contact with each other, the temperature of the hot water container will decrease and the temperature of the cold water container will increase. The temperature changes result because of heat transfer from hot to cold.
Conduction Glycol Dehidration Principles Virda By bringing together “cool” and “hot” glycol in heat ex-changers, the process of heat transfer through conduction is accomplished allowing for temperature control of the dehydration process. In glycol dehydration, it is important to maintain fluid temperatures within relatively narrow ranges, to optimize the efficiency of the process. Improper temperature control can cause glycol foaming.

7. Basic Process

Basic Process Glycol Dehidration Principles Virda There are two basic purposes of a glycol dehydration unit. The primary purpose is to dry natural gas before putting it into a pipeline. The other purpose is to remove water from glycol so that it can be used over and over again in the dehydration process. The process, while it may seem somewhat complicated, is actually quite simple. Wet gas - that is, natural gas with water in it - has water removed from it in a dehydration process glycol literally soaks up the water, leaving dry gas. The wet glycol then goes through a process of distillation where the water is removed by boiling. The dry glycol is then sent back to function again in the dehydration of gas. In this manner, glycol is recycled.

Glycol Dehydration Process Flow


Glycol Dehydration Process Flow Virda A typical glycol dehydration process flow system is shown above. It consists of the following components: contactor column, reboiler, inlet separator, glycol filter, pump, surge tank, gas condensate glycol separator and heat exchangers. Inside Contactor Column Glycol Dehydration Process Flow Virda Inlet Separator Glycol Dehydration Process Flow Virda

1. Inlet Separator

The process begins when unprocessed natural gas enters a device called a separator or scrubber. In this separator free water is removed from the gas, leaving gas with water vapor to flow into the contactor column.

2. Contactor Column

In this vertical pressure vessel, water is removed from gas. Inside the contactor column are several trays covered with glycol. Each tray has a number of evenly arranged openings, covered with bubble caps. Bubble Caps and trays Contactor Column Glycol Dehydration Process Flow Virda Wet gas enters the contactor Glycol Dehydration Process Flow Virda After passing through the separator, the wet gas enters the contactor through an inlet near the bottom. The gas, traveling upward in the contactor column, is forced through the openings below the caps and bubbles through the glycol.
Mist Extractor Glycol Dehydration Process Flow Virda During the bubbling process, the gas gives up water vapor to the glycol. As gas passes upward through each succeeding tray it becomes drier.
Bubbling process Glycol Dehydration Process Flow Virda Before leaving the contactor, the dry gas passes through a mist extractor to remove any glycol that may be in vapor form.
Heat Exchanger Glycol Dehydration Process Flow Virda Contactor Column Glycol Dehydration Process Flow Virda As the glycol particles collect and become heavier in the mist extractor, they drop back into the top tray and rejoin the glycol stream. The dry gas then leaves the contactor and passes through a heat exchanger where it cools the dry glycol entering the top of the contactor column. The dry gas is then ready for transmission.

Dry glycol enters the contactor tower at an inlet near the top and flows across the top tray, then downward and across other trays. A level of glycol is maintained on a tray by means of a dam known as a weir. This level is above the slots in the bubble caps so the gas is forced to bubble through the glycol.

The glycol flows over the weir through an opening known as a downcomer and into the tray below. Maintaining the level of glycol on the next tray above the bottom of the downcomer prevents gas from bypassing the bubble cups. As the glycol spills downward through each succeeding tray, it becomes saturated with the water it has absorbed from the gas and collects in the bottom of the contactor. The wet glycol from the contactor then passes through a filter where any abrasive particles and tarry hydrocarbons are removed before entering the pump.

3. Surge Tank


Cooled dry process - Glycol Dehydration Process Flow Virda Surge Tank Glycol Dehydration Process Flow Virda The surge tank is a holding tank which stores hot dry glycol from the reboiler before it is sent to the contactor column. From the pump, the cool wet glycol flows through coils in the Surge tank. This allows for a heat exchange process to occur. The cool wet glycol is warmed by the hot dry glycol before it enters the gas-condensate-glycol separator. At the same time, the hot dry glycol is cooled before it enters the contactor column.

4. Gas-Condensate-Glycol Separator


Gas condensate separator Glycol Dehydration Process Flow Virda Gas condensate glycol Glycol Dehydration Process Flow Virda From the coils in the surge tank, the wet glycol enters the gas-condensate-glycol separator. The purpose of this vessel is to remove the gas and condensate hydrocarbons that were picked up by the glycol on its path through the contactor. Heat from the surge tank helps separate hydrocarbons from the wet glycol. The hydrocarbon condensate is skirpmed off the glycol and any remaining gas vapote leave from the top.

5. Reboiler and Still Column


Reboiler system Glycol Dehydration Process Flow Virda From the gas-condensate-glycol separator, the wet glycol flows through a tube in the reboiler. Still column - Glycol Dehydration Process Flow Here the glycol is heated to vaporize the water before entering the still column (“stripper”) on the reboiler. The still column removes the water vapor from the glycol. Heat source - Glycol Dehydration Process Flow Inside the still column is a section, known as packet column, filled with ceramic, stainless steel or carbon packing known as saddles or raschig rings. The glycol spreads out uniformly over the packing and drips down through the lower portion of the packed column. The water vapor rises to the top of the column.

Surge Tank - Glycol Dehydration Process Flow Heating tube - Glycol Dehydration Process Flow The remaining water boils out of the glycol solution and moves upward through the still column as vapor. Some hot glycol vapors also are mixed with the water vapor. As this mixture passes upward through the still column, it comes in contact with a cooler part of the column and the column vapors are condensed and drop back down into the reboiler. The glycol leaves the top of the still column as vapor. Heat exchanger system - Glycol Dehydration Process FlowThe glycol level in the reboiler is maintained above the heating tube by the location of the overflow tube. The dried, purified glycol spills into the overflow tube and flows into the surge tank.
From the surge tank, the dry glycol flows to a pump. The pump raises the pressure of the dry glycol slightly above that of the contactor column. This dry glycol then passes through a heat exchanger which cools the glycol to near the temperature of the natural gas in the contactor. Proper temperature and pressure must be maintained in this system to prevent foaming. With the return of the glycol to the contactor column, the dehydration cycle is completed and another cycle begins.

  • [accordion]
    • 1. Glycol Dehydration Systems Intro
      • Glycol Dehydration Systems Intro - Virda
    • 2. Gas Dehydration System: Glycol Regeneration
      • Positive Displacement Pump Types - Virda
    • 3. API Spec 12GDU-1990 Type Gas Dehydration Units - Glycol Spec
    • 4. API 674 2010 2016 Reciprocating - Positive Displacement Pumps
    • 5. API 674 Pump Data Sheet
    • 6. D1142 952012 Standard Test Method Water Vapor Content of Gas
    • 7. PLP P-2-2003 Glycol Dehydration-2nd Ed-Rosen
    • 8. PLP P-3-2003 Contactor in Dehydration Plant-1st Ed-Rosen
    • 9. PLP P-4-2003 Stripper in Dehydration Plant-2nd Ed-Rosen
    • 10. PLP P-6-2003 Molecular Sieve Adsorbers-3rd Ed-Rosen
    • 11. PLP P5 2003 Molecular Sieve Dehydration

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Virda Chemical Park: Glycol Dehydration Principles
Glycol Dehydration Principles
The key point of glycol dehydration principles as following dehydration process and glycol process, absorption process, distillation, heat transfer pr
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