Process Engineering is an engineering stage that is inseparable from all engineering stages, be it FS, FEED or DED. Process Engineering is at the hear
Process Engineering is an engineering stage that is inseparable from all engineering stages, be it FS, FEED or DED. Process Engineering is at the heart of overall engineering design, providing the basis for other engineering disciplines to define detailed and cost-effective designs. Process engineering is also the main link between client requirements and overall engineering with the main goal of making efficient use of costs while maintaining operational reliability.
1. Process Engineering Calculations
Process Engineering Calculations is the process of calculating costs in engineering both from the beginning of the process to the final result of the process of a project.
2. Process dan reactor Design
A process is generally defined as “a set of interdependent tasks that transform elements into a product.
i.e.: Reactor Design is a virtual reaction processing tool design that converts starting compounds into products according to a given chemical reaction definition. It is this reaction scheme that determines how reactants are converted into products and other rules that can unlock related knowledge to produce synthetically viable molecules.
3. Front End Engineering Design (FEED)
Front End Engineering Design (FEED) is the Basic Engineering Planning which is carried out after the completion of the Conceptual Design or Feasibility Study (FS). At this stage, prior to the start of the EPC (Engineering, Procurement and Construction), various studies are conducted to identify technical issues and estimate rough investment costs. This work is usually contracted out to an EPC contractor as an optional contract or by bidding. The product of this activity is the “FEED Package” which consists of up to tens of files from various engineering fields which are integrated with each other and will be the basis for the EPC Contract offer.
It is important to define client/user objectives and project specific requirements into the FEED Package without fail, to avoid significant changes during the EPC Phase. FEED work takes up to 1 year for large projects such as LNG plants. Because it is very important to communicate with the client, usually a client representative is placed in the Contractor's office during the execution of the work.
4. Detailed Engineering Design (DED)
Detailed Engineering Design is the stage in project implementation that applies all the necessary technical disciplines (process, mechanical, civil, electrical, piping, instrumentation, etc.)
At this stage the project is close to reality as installed later and the design turns into a real, and specific entity.
In DED, every component, subsystem, and part relevant to the project is properly documented, purchased and implemented. While project feasibility is determined in FEED, every detail regarding the whole project including end user satisfaction and functionality is covered in DED
There is one important thing to remember: detail engineering is a must for every project.
5. Block Flow Diagram (BFD)
Block Flow Diagram (BFD) is a very simple diagram consisting of rectangles and lines that can show the flow of material or main energy.
6. Process Flow Diagram (PFD)
Process Flow Diagram (PFD) is a flow chart of a process which is usually a more complex diagram of the main operating units and flow lines.
These diagrams usually include material balances and sometimes energy balances, showing the typical flow or design, flow composition and equipment pressure and temperature.
7. Piping & Instrumentation Diagram (P&ID)
Piping & Instrumentation Diagram (P&ID) is a diagram that shows each pipe by pipe class (carbon steel or stainless steel) and pipe size (diameter).
They also show valves along with instrument locations and process control schemes.
8. Process Equipment Data Sheet
Process Equipment Data Sheet (Pump, Heat Exchanger, Vessel, Tanks, etc.) is the process of setting up equipment in a data sheet.
9. Catalysts and Inhibitor Design
Catalysts and inhibitors design, Inhibitors are substances which when added to an environment in small amounts, continuously or periodically, can reduce the corrosion rate of metals. The use of Corrosion Inhibitors is one of the efforts to prevent corrosion.
Types of Inhibitors:
2.Inorganic Inhibitors.
– Cathodic precipitation inhibitor
– Oxygen scavenger
– Inhibitor Passivator Oxidizing
– Non-oxidizing passive inhibitor
– Insoluble Compounds
2. Precipitation Inhibitor
3. Adsorption Inhibitor
[2.] Hazardous inhibitors are inhibitors when added below the critical value will reduce the anodic region, but the cathodic area is not affected. So that the current requirement from the active anode increases until it reaches a maximum value slightly below the critical concentration. The corrosion rate at the active anodes increases and intensifies pitting corrosion attack. Harmful inhibitors include anodic inhibitors, examples of which are molybdates, silicates, phosphates, borates, chromates, nitrites and nitrates.

Item Engineering Design
1. Process Engineering Calculations
Process Engineering Calculations is the process of calculating costs in engineering both from the beginning of the process to the final result of the process of a project.
2. Process dan reactor Design
A process is generally defined as “a set of interdependent tasks that transform elements into a product.
i.e.: Reactor Design is a virtual reaction processing tool design that converts starting compounds into products according to a given chemical reaction definition. It is this reaction scheme that determines how reactants are converted into products and other rules that can unlock related knowledge to produce synthetically viable molecules.
3. Front End Engineering Design (FEED)
Front End Engineering Design (FEED) is the Basic Engineering Planning which is carried out after the completion of the Conceptual Design or Feasibility Study (FS). At this stage, prior to the start of the EPC (Engineering, Procurement and Construction), various studies are conducted to identify technical issues and estimate rough investment costs. This work is usually contracted out to an EPC contractor as an optional contract or by bidding. The product of this activity is the “FEED Package” which consists of up to tens of files from various engineering fields which are integrated with each other and will be the basis for the EPC Contract offer.
It is important to define client/user objectives and project specific requirements into the FEED Package without fail, to avoid significant changes during the EPC Phase. FEED work takes up to 1 year for large projects such as LNG plants. Because it is very important to communicate with the client, usually a client representative is placed in the Contractor's office during the execution of the work.
4. Detailed Engineering Design (DED)
Detailed Engineering Design is the stage in project implementation that applies all the necessary technical disciplines (process, mechanical, civil, electrical, piping, instrumentation, etc.)
At this stage the project is close to reality as installed later and the design turns into a real, and specific entity.
In DED, every component, subsystem, and part relevant to the project is properly documented, purchased and implemented. While project feasibility is determined in FEED, every detail regarding the whole project including end user satisfaction and functionality is covered in DED
There is one important thing to remember: detail engineering is a must for every project.
5. Block Flow Diagram (BFD)
Block Flow Diagram (BFD) is a very simple diagram consisting of rectangles and lines that can show the flow of material or main energy.
6. Process Flow Diagram (PFD)
Process Flow Diagram (PFD) is a flow chart of a process which is usually a more complex diagram of the main operating units and flow lines.
These diagrams usually include material balances and sometimes energy balances, showing the typical flow or design, flow composition and equipment pressure and temperature.
7. Piping & Instrumentation Diagram (P&ID)
Piping & Instrumentation Diagram (P&ID) is a diagram that shows each pipe by pipe class (carbon steel or stainless steel) and pipe size (diameter).
They also show valves along with instrument locations and process control schemes.
8. Process Equipment Data Sheet
Process Equipment Data Sheet (Pump, Heat Exchanger, Vessel, Tanks, etc.) is the process of setting up equipment in a data sheet.
9. Catalysts and Inhibitor Design
Catalysts and inhibitors design, Inhibitors are substances which when added to an environment in small amounts, continuously or periodically, can reduce the corrosion rate of metals. The use of Corrosion Inhibitors is one of the efforts to prevent corrosion.
Types of Inhibitors:
A. Based on the basic ingredients:
1. Organic Inhibitor2.Inorganic Inhibitors.
B. Based on the inhibited reaction:
1. Cathodic Inhibitor
– Poison Inhibitor– Cathodic precipitation inhibitor
– Oxygen scavenger
2. Anodic Inhibitors
3. Mixed inhibitor
C. Inhibition according to the mechanism:
1. Passive Inhibitor– Inhibitor Passivator Oxidizing
– Non-oxidizing passive inhibitor
– Insoluble Compounds
2. Precipitation Inhibitor
3. Adsorption Inhibitor
D. Based on whether or not the inhibitor is dangerous:
[1.] Safe (harmless) inhibitors are inhibitors which, when added in amounts less (too little) than the critical concentration, will still reduce the corrosion rate. These safe inhibitors are generally cathodic inhibitors, examples of which are zinc and magnesium salts, calcium, and polyphosphates.[2.] Hazardous inhibitors are inhibitors when added below the critical value will reduce the anodic region, but the cathodic area is not affected. So that the current requirement from the active anode increases until it reaches a maximum value slightly below the critical concentration. The corrosion rate at the active anodes increases and intensifies pitting corrosion attack. Harmful inhibitors include anodic inhibitors, examples of which are molybdates, silicates, phosphates, borates, chromates, nitrites and nitrates.
- [accordion]
- 1. Process Engineering Design
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- 2. FEED Maturity and Impact on Project Cost and Schedule Performance
- 3. Construction Extension to the PMBOK® Guide by PMI
- 4. Project Planning Scheduling Control by James P. Lewis
- 5. Theoretical Foundations for Decision Making in Engineering Design
- 1. Process Engineering Design
- 2. FEED Maturity and Impact on Project Cost and Schedule Performance
- 3. Construction Extension to the PMBOK® Guide by PMI
- 4. Project Planning Scheduling Control by James P. Lewis
- 5. Theoretical Foundations for Decision Making in Engineering Design